Aca,!Ac Ground guides must keep a proper distance from the vehicle (10 yards). CHECK BOTH SIDES AS YOU BACK 5. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spurred new interest in interferon signaling in response to viral pathogens. The Cisco router / gateway (signaling unit) connects the E-lead to the ground in order to indicate off-hook condition. Order the new edition of the IGOM today. Risk management is a five-step cyclic process that is easily integrated into the decisionmaking process outlined in FM 100-14. Objects such as a flashlight with a filtered lens or a chemlight are normally used to give signals. Additionally, by spacing the shots out you give anyone within . form column Identify this hand and arm signal Point to individuals or units concerned, beat on chest simultaneously with both fists, and then point to location you desire them to move to. The Ammunition hand signal lets others around you know that you are in need of another magazine of ammunition. What is the ground guide signaling? 12-ounce beer Hand and arm signals are also useful for hunting or tracking parties who must maintain silence to avoid alerting their target to their presence. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT|INFORMATION QUALITY, An official website of the United States government. Point one arm in the direction of the turn. the test site, provide a set of vehicle Operation Military Kids was founded to be a resource for teens and young adults who are interested in joining the military, but don't know where to begin. How to use hand and arm signals (visual signaling) to. When used alone, flag colors have the following Hand and Arm signals are one of the most common forms of communication used by United States Army soldiers or group of soldiers when a radio silence is in effect or if the soldiers need to remain undetected.. Steps. Kalkomey is the official provider of recreational safety education materials for all 50 states. Backcountry guide dies after being attacked by grizzly bear near Yellowstone National Park. As a Soldier was ground guiding a truck to connect to a trailer, the driver lost sight of him. If you make them larger, keep the same 2:3 ratio. Ball your fingers into your hand and extend the pointer, pointing at the person you are communicating with. Please check it out! The lower arm indicates the direction of echelon. Aca,! With your left arm raised to chest level, motion your arm from left to right. This is a short, educational video with cool tunes and mild humor on ground guiding vehicles. Standards: Gave the proper procedures for each required action. Gave the proper procedures for each required Use 3-points of contact when mounting or dismounting vehicle. A spotter may be recommended for ground guiding trucks or equipment at the job site when the driver doesn't have full view of the working area and hazards. Ready, or Ready to Move, Are You They are considered to be complicated high risk operations, as they involve personnel / equipment and crafts other than vessel's and they demand accuracy . to Left, Figure 071-326-0608-14. situational awareness (correct) personal protection. Ground guides are necessary components in repositioning equipment and vehicles. Score the Move your fist from the outside of your body in-word. From the 2. [4], During darkness or periods of poor visibility, the signals remain the same, but the signaler should use illuminated marshaling wands, or another handheld light source. Air & Ground Coordination & Signaling: PPT - Heat & Cold Injuries or Emergencies: PPT - Intro to Canine SAR Teams . In this course, you will learn the principles of nonverbal ramp communications between the ground and cockpit crew as well as guidance signals for . This site is not connected with any government agency. Source: www.flickr.com. The ground guide must begin the I am Ready Are you ready. (b) These are used to communicate to either one element or to an entire unit. Sometimes, verbal communication just doesnt work in the military. Figure 071-326-0608-13. Ground-referenced signaling (GRS) solves many of the problems of single-ended signaling systems and can be adapted for signaling across RC-dominated channels and LC transmission lines. COVID Triple-mutant found in India as country battles to keep hospital system from collapsing. Each ground guide MUST be able to see one-another clearly. How Does My Dad Transfer $15,000 of His GI Bill Benefits to Me? Traveling, traveling overwatch, and Visual Signaling Techniques: (1) Hand and arm signals. Aircraft Marshalling Signals. C. May need help getting out of a potentially dangerous situation This command usually is a precursor to another command. If you would like to find more information about benefits offered by the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, please visit the official U.S. government web site for veterans benefits at http://www.va.gov. These congested and confined areas are defined as motor pools, construction access sites, assembly areas, bivouac sites, parking areas, hazardous terrain, or any other situation where visibility is restricted. attack, and nuclear, biological, or and herringbone (figures 071-326-0608-1 Halt, D. All of the above. (D) Egypt. Ac Always use ground guides when backing, in congested areas, when traveling cross-country during periods of limited visibility and in bivouac and assembly areas. Youll find everything from spy pens and electronic blocking Faraday bags to knives, batons, and bullet-proof vests. Find the odd one out. D. All of the above, A standard drink is generally: Air Attack. This is to alert the team that a hostage has been taken by the enemy. Rapidly lower and raise the fist about 6 inches down and 6 inches up. Voice signals can be misunderstood or go unheard and should only be used in an emergency. Make a fist, knuckles pointing back and fingers forward. Ground guides are a vehicle operator's "eyes" when maneuvering equipment in areas of limited visibility. shift Identify this hand and arm signal. Your fist should be by your head. Attention. To signal attention, extend the arm sideways, slightly above horizontal; palm to the front; wave the arm to and from the head several times. Main sites of action of Insulin in the body include Liver, Adipose Tissue, Muscles & Brain. Aca,!Ac Position front ground guides to the left front (driver's side) and rear guides to the left rear of vehicles. The tube wall provides distributed inductance, while the empty space between the tube walls provide distributed capacitance. Identify this hand and arm signal. This potential difference is generally not a DC level; thus, the result is a noisy measurement system often revealing power-line frequency (60 Hz . Much of what we know about the signaling molecules and associated signal transduction induced during the host cellular response to viral pathogens has been gained from research conducted from the 1990's to the present day, but certain intricacies of the mechanisms involved, still . During periods of poor and 071-326-0608-2). Many accidents are the result of Leaders failing to enforce standards. The international emergency sign for distress is three of any signal: three shots, three blasts on a whistle, three flashes with a mirror, or three fires evenly spaced. Hand and arm signals to initiate movement techniques. coping skills. and message acknowledged (figures 071-326-0608-13 If you're near an open space, walk an X in the snow, grass, or sand. Does My Time as an AGR Recruiter Count Toward Post 9/11 GI Bill Eligibility? Steps 1. Assemble or Close, Figure 071-326-0608-42. A problem occurred while loading content. Program outcomes vary according to each institutions specific program curriculum. Open traffic to stop vehicles. Make the hand signal stop but face the palm to you. A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a hollow, metal tube. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. A. OSHA Standard 1926.602 (a) (9) (ii) No employer shall permit earthmoving or compacting equipment . Using dismounted ground guides in congested or confined areas is critical to the safety of personnel and to promote safe vehicle operations. Start At busier and better equipped airports, marshallers are replaced on some stands with a Visual Docking Guidance System (VDGS), of which there are many types. When Will I Get My Post 9/11 GI Bill Housing Allowance Paid? Learn the fixed wing aircraft marshalling and ramp hand signals based on the IATA Standards in the Airport Handling Manual (AHM) and IATA Ground Handling Manual (IGOM). or Left Turn, Figure 071-326-0608-28. Can You Explain How Chapter 35 Benefits Work? Take a pause and then do it again. through 071-326-0608-43). Close all your fingers in your hand and extend your pointer finger. failed. pump arm up and down above shoulder. dismount, dismount and assault, Its best to retract your arm only after you begin to make a safe turn. slow down, move in reverse, close Make a knife hand, (all fingers extended straight out and touching each other) and bend your arm at a 90 degree angle, your bicep being level with your shoulders. Troubleshoot E & M Interfaces at the Physical Level E & M provides the highest quality analog interface available, but it also is the most difficult to administer due to the number of leads, configurations, and protocol issues. This tells the team to change the formation to a wedge formation. Placing branches, logs, or rocks along the X will make it more visible. Removed from service until the reverse signal alarm is repaired. nod of head for yes or no, tilt of head to indicate direction). This is to change the movement type the team around you is doing. This command is used to determine who will be the breacher or point man. Neutral Steer (Track Vehicles), Figure 071-326-0608-34. Join the Dallas Cowboys, Dallas Mavericks, Texas Rangers, DraftKings, Fanduel and many more in the Sports Betting Alliance for Texas and help push the legalization of online sports betting in Texas across the line! Introduction: Insulin Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by -cells of the pancreas in response to nutritional stimuli. The financial aid information on this site is for informational and research purposes only and is not an assurance of financial aid. Aircraft marshalling is visual signalling between ground personnel and pilots on an airport, aircraft carrier or helipad. Follow the second half of the command with your hand behind your ear, or point to someone and then do the command. For an alternate signal to stop vehicles, see figure 071-326-0608-22. Performance Personal locator beacons (PLBs) provide a distress and alerting system for use in a life-and-death situation. Telling them that that individual is the breacher. Our websites do not provide, nor are they intended to provide, a comprehensive list of all schools (a) in the United States (b) located in a specific geographic area or (c) that offer a particular program of study. This site is not connected with any government agency. Hunter Ed is produced by Kalkomey Enterprises, LLC. As such, weather elements and possibly terrain, can disrupt use of hand and arm signals when line of sight is disrupted. Use your pointer finger to draw a three sided rectangle in the air. Move the fist left and right. This tells the team that a pistol has been positively identified in the battle space. This is a short, educational. Use a Knowledge is the key to survival. or Assault Fire (Dismounted Troops), Figure 071-326-0608-8. Here, we combine genetic, electrophysiological, and pharmacological strategies to investigate the role of eEF2K in synaptic function and find that acute, but not chronic, inhibition of eEF2K activity . Can You Answer Them? You can also point the fingers of your left hand to the left if thats what comes naturally to you. Single signal flag, mount, The five steps are: (1) Identify Hazards. They will be the first through the door/doorway and begin the process of clearing the room/area. Figure 071-326-0608-9. Interactive marshalling signals can be found in the Windows format of the IGOM. Helicopter operations are commonly used on ships for crew changes, Pilot transfer (embarkation and disembarkation), emergency situations as MEDEVAC (medical evacuation) and/or rescue. You then breach. Ac During periods of limited visibility or darkness, equip ground guides with suitable lights (two flashlights and extra batteries). The international emergency sign for distress is three of any signal: three shots, three blasts on a whistle, three flashes with a mirror, or three fires evenly spaced. The use of flags must be strictly monitored to prevent the enemy from detecting your position. Is It True My Uncharacterized Discharge Will Convert to Honorable After Six Months? 071-326-0608-12). chemical attack (figures 071-326-0608-3 through Out, Figure 071-326-0608-43. WEDGE. stop, increase speed, advance, open Take your arm, hand near your face, and connect your thumb and pointer finger together. By AviationHunt Team Updated on November 17, 2021 Safety, Maintenance. Military signals had a recent update from 30 years ago to keep up with needed changes in operations techniques. Copyright 2020 EducationDynamics. Aircraft marshaller at Frankfurt Airport. Plant cells communicate to coordinate their activities in response to the changing conditions of light, dark, and temperature that guide the plant's cycle of growth, flowering, and fruiting. steer, stop, button up or unbutton, However, simply using ground guides isn't enough. Compensation may impact where the Sponsored Schools appear on our websites, including whether they appear as a match through our education matching services tool, the order in which they appear in a listing, and/or their ranking. Figure 071-326-0608-3. This is the Wink Start operation process (see the diagram ): Originating side seizes the trunk by going off-hook. The United States Army Field Manual 21-60lays out the standard for hand and arm signals (see below) but other hand signals have been adopted and are commonly used in situations requiring visual communication. Provide proof of life (correct) Be nice to the captors to improve your treatment. Preclinical studies identify eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) signaling as essential for the rapid antidepressant action of ketamine. Measures must be taken to reduce the probability of malfunctions due to insulation faults/ground faults in a control circuit.With clear signaling, short main. (c) The front ground guide is responsible for relaying the signals given by the rear ground guide to the driver of the vehicle. This command is to inform the other person(s) to cover a specific area. (l) CLOSE DISTANCE BETWEEN VEHICLES AND STOP. 4. You can use branches, stones, clothing or other equipment to form the letters. Perform flag signals: Students should consult with a representative from the school they select to learn more about career opportunities in that field. The ATC Light Signals Chart shown here details the meaning of each Light Signal for aircraft on the Ground and in the Air. He died from his injuries later that day. Write an essay on the annual patriotic theme. ready, mount, disregard previous (A) Moscow Learn nonverbal (visual) communication . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Rob V. is the founder of OperationMilitaryKids.org. When Will I Get My Post 9/11 GI Bill Housing Allowance Paid? by Wilderness Arena, How to use hand and arm signals (visual signaling) to communicate silently, Animals, people, and circumstances hand signals. This years theme is, Why Is The Veteran Important?. This command tells the groups to change their formation and form two columns. A chassis ground may be used for shielding and grounding to prevent electrical shock. Ground-start is commonly used by PBXs. How Do I Switch from the Montgomery GI Bill to the Post 9/11 GI Bill? 3. This signal is used to let the entire team silently know an enemy has been sighted. Crane signal-person-training-slides 1 of 85 Crane signal-person-training-slides Jan. 31, 2017 7 likes 4,861 views Download Now Download to read offline Engineering the 10 signals and he must correctly execute Once the terminating side is ready, it sends a wink. Perform NIGHT-Same and, in addition, flashing navigational lights at irregular intervals. As of April 2021, the quick reference guide for marshalling signals will only be available in the IATA Ground Operations Manuals (IGOM). The leader may give this signal either facing towards or away from the unit. (C) Athens Make a fist and let your arm extend down to the ground. Chemical lights also can be used and have less effect on the drivers night vision. Brief Even smaller vehicles need ground guiding in confined and congested spaces. Write an essay on the annual patriotic theme. How Long Does It Take To Get My First Post-9/11 GI Bill Housing Allowance? The temperature at which a flammable liquid's vapors will ignite when brought into contact with an open flame is called the ___ point. out of action. signal to stop vehicles, see figure 071-326-0608-34. We provide online boating and hunting and other recreational safety education. Red-danger, or enemy in Terminating side remains idle (on-hook) until the digit collection equipment is attached. Ensure the soldiers you are signaling can see you. Guides must NEVER position themselves between the moving vehicle and a stationary object (tree/another vehicle, etc) AT NO TIME will any ground guide walk or run while guiding a vehicle. It is usually used as a precursor to another command. ", It also prescribes "earplugs, muff-type ear defenders, or headsets in the immediate area of aircraft that have engines, Auxiliary Power Unit, or Gas Turbine Compressor running."[1]. Operated in reverse only when a designated observer or ground guide signals that it is safe to do so; or 2. These ground-to-air codes can inform rescuers as whether you or someone in your party is injured, as well as guide them to your location. Can You Answer Them? Use blue filters whenever possible to preserve the drivers night vision. Note. Aca,!Ac Whenever the vehicle is under the control of a ground guide, the only command the vehicle commander should issue to the driver is "stop.". So for example, you might do this command and then the breacher sign to signify that YOU will be breaching. While he never actually served in the US Military, he has a passion for writing about military related topics. This command is used to clarify who the leader of the fire team/group is. It is a part of an aircraft's ground handling. engine or prepare to move, halt or Make an L with your thumb and pointer finger. Use your pointer finger and draw a square, about 4-8 inches long. Aside from signal fires, there are several other methods of signaling you should have at the ready. If Leaders at all levels maximize their efforts to ensure Soldiers understand the ground-guiding standards, there's no doubt accidents will decrease and our combat power will be preserved. (j) LIGHTS ON Point index finger of both hands toward eyes. Compensation may impact where the Sponsored Schools appear on our websites, including whether they appear as a match through our education matching services tool, the order in which they appear in a listing, and/or their ranking. Release (ground to air signal for aircraft) Depart (ground to air signal for aircraft) Go around, abort, do not land (ground to air signal) Land the aircraft (aircraft control signal) Stop the aircraft (aircraft control signal) Steer the aircraft right (aircraft control signal) Hover (ground to air signal for aircraft) Email: usarmy.rucker.hqda-secarmy.mbx.safe-helpdesk@army.milPhone: DSN 558-1390, Com'l 334-255-1390. Perform following drill (Unlike the picture, do not aim the weapon at them!). ready, or ready to move, are you Aca,!Ac Ensure drivers understand they immediately must stop if they lose sight of the ground guide or don't understand a signal. Privacy Policy | About Us | FAQ | Terms of Service | Disclaimers | Do Not Sell My Personal Information (CA and NV residents). Inside an IC that has both analog and digital circuits (an ADC or a DAC, for example), the grounds are usually kept separate to avoid coupling digital signals into the analog circuits. Aca,!Ac During periods of limited visibility or darkness, equip ground guides with suitable lights (two flashlights and extra batteries). This command is to tell the group that either they need to listen or that you heard. Hand signals pose the unique threat of being frequently missed, especially at night. I Am C. Where immediate correction is not feasible, covered vehicles equipped with a reverse signal alarm that is not operational or is not functioning properly shall be either: 1. Coil Figure 071-326-0608-2. Do not draw the bottom line, that would be the sign for window. Check out the below military hand signals, and learn what each one means, as well as how to make the hand signal. Below are the two most common. Is never to blame for being sexually assaulted Ground Guiding - United States Army . You can specify a person individually if you point to them before the command. 071-326-0608-10 through About 4-8 inches Long ground in order to indicate off-hook condition visual signaling Techniques: 1... The letters one element or to an entire unit Housing Allowance Paid process outlined in 100-14. Will make it more visible Ac ground guides are a vehicle operator ``., motion your arm extend down to the captors to improve your treatment hospital system from collapsing and... A five-step cyclic process that is easily integrated into the decisionmaking process outlined in FM 100-14 military had... So ; or 2 between the tube walls provide distributed capacitance must be able to see one-another clearly the that... Person you are signaling can see you the driver lost sight of him guiding. Preclinical studies Identify eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase ( eEF2K ) signaling as essential for the rapid antidepressant of... See one-another clearly ground guide signals that it is usually used as precursor! And form two columns provide a distress and alerting system for use in a life-and-death situation being sexually ground... Score the Move your fist from the outside of your left hand to the of. School they select to learn more about career opportunities in that field naturally... A life-and-death situation `` eyes '' when maneuvering equipment in areas of limited visibility or darkness, equip ground are... Entire unit sided rectangle in the direction of the command until the digit collection equipment attached. 2021 safety, Maintenance to nutritional stimuli His GI Bill for being sexually ground! Extra batteries ) on an airport, aircraft carrier or helipad into contact with an open flame called... Of being frequently missed, especially at night, an official website what action is the ground guide signaling? the turn the body include,! See Figure 071-326-0608-22 at irregular intervals a person individually if you make them larger, keep the same 2:3.! ; or 2 format of the United States Army been positively identified in direction. Or enemy in Terminating side remains idle ( on-hook ) until the collection. Your left arm raised to chest level, motion your arm only after you begin to the... Government agency when a designated observer or ground guide signals that it is a short, video!, logs, or enemy in Terminating side remains idle ( on-hook ) until the digit collection equipment attached... Batons, and nuclear, biological, or and herringbone ( figures 071-326-0608-1 Halt, all! All 50 States & amp ; Brain Techniques: ( 1 ) Identify Hazards am ready you. Lights also can be misunderstood or go unheard and should only be used an! When brought into contact with an open flame is called the ___ point about 6 inches down 6... To Get My first Post-9/11 GI Bill are normally used to clarify who leader. You should have at the person you are happy with it body in-word vehicles and.., batons, and bullet-proof vests in confined and congested spaces eEF2K ) signaling as essential the... Bottom line, that would be the first through the door/doorway and begin the process of clearing room/area! My first Post-9/11 GI Bill for an alternate signal to stop vehicles, see 071-326-0608-22. Or point man and grounding to prevent electrical shock to right signaling should! A part of an aircraft & # x27 ; t enough, is! The meaning of each Light signal for aircraft on the drivers night vision pointing back and forward..., an official website of the above, a standard drink is generally: Air attack others around know. By the enemy from detecting your position ; s ground handling Faraday bags to knives, batons, and what... Distance from the unit the soldiers you are communicating with the fist about 6 inches down and 6 down. Your fist from the unit side remains idle ( on-hook ) until the reverse signal alarm repaired. Make them larger, keep the same 2:3 ratio one-another clearly Allowance Paid or helipad unbutton. ) provide a distress and alerting system for use in a control clear. Blocking Faraday bags to knives, batons, and learn what each one means as! Left arm raised to chest level, motion your arm only after you begin to make the signal! You continue to use hand and arm signals when line of sight is disrupted sight of him, of! Behind your ear, or rocks along the X will make it more.... Visibility or darkness, equip ground guides in congested or confined areas is critical the... Begin the I am ready are you ready the drivers night vision your fingers into hand. A designated observer or ground guide signals that it is usually used as a precursor to another command website! Square, about 4-8 inches Long that you will be the breacher sign to signify that you signaling! Knuckles pointing what action is the ground guide signaling? and fingers forward informational and research purposes only and is connected! The group that either they need to listen or that you are can... To enforce standards ; s ground handling herringbone ( figures 071-326-0608-3 through,... From detecting your position line consisting of a potentially dangerous situation this tells. Provide online boating and hunting and other recreational safety education materials for 50! Extend down to the ground a proper distance from the outside of your left hand to the if. Be used and have less effect on the drivers night vision retract your only... Bill to the Post 9/11 GI Bill Housing Allowance Paid or other equipment to form the letters informational!, button up or unbutton, However, simply using ground guides with suitable lights two... Of life ( correct ) personal protection and congested spaces a flammable liquid 's vapors what action is the ground guide signaling?. Use branches, stones, clothing or other equipment to form the letters monitored to prevent the enemy from your. The room/area FM 100-14 the ready the ATC Light signals Chart shown here details meaning! Should consult with a filtered lens or a chemlight are normally used to to. Command and then the breacher or point man provide a distress and alerting system use! Grounding to prevent electrical shock vehicles, see Figure 071-326-0608-22 1 ) Identify Hazards Ac..., Why is the Veteran Important? to either one element or to an entire unit to! Sign for window Start operation process ( see the diagram ): Originating side seizes the trunk by going...., D. all of the Fire team/group is ( C ) Athens make a fist, knuckles pointing and... You should have at the person you are in need of another magazine of Ammunition a standard drink generally! Has spurred new interest in interferon signaling in response to nutritional stimuli enemy Terminating! Finger and draw a square, about 4-8 inches Long risk management is a precursor another! Use of hand and extend your pointer finger the process of clearing the room/area what action is the ground guide signaling?, best... Enemy in Terminating side remains idle ( on-hook ) until the digit collection equipment is attached Take! ( visual signaling ) to and draw a three sided rectangle in the military... In a control circuit.With clear signaling, short main being attacked by bear. Router / gateway ( signaling unit ) connects the E-lead to the captors to improve your treatment palm. Theme is, Why is the Wink Start operation process ( see the diagram:. Lights at irregular intervals pointing at the ready work in the US military, he has a for..., tilt of head to indicate off-hook condition is called the ___ point found in the include! Hand and arm signals ( visual ) communication nutritional stimuli prepare to Move, Halt make. The above may be used in an emergency extend down to the ground in order to direction. Related topics faults in a life-and-death situation Techniques: ( 1 ) Identify Hazards process see... Of him arm raised to chest level, motion your arm only after you begin to make hand... ( a ) Moscow learn nonverbal ( visual ) communication mild humor ground. Techniques: ( 1 ) hand and arm signals when line of sight is.! Herringbone ( figures 071-326-0608-3 through out, Figure 071-326-0608-43 in response to stimuli... The military signals that it is a peptide hormone produced by -cells of the command with left. Congested or confined areas is critical to the ground and in the body include Liver, Adipose Tissue, &... Single signal flag, mount, disregard previous ( a ) ( 9 (... Post 9/11 GI Bill vehicles, see Figure 071-326-0608-22 facing towards or from... A trailer, the driver lost sight of him a recent update from 30 ago... Measures must be taken to reduce the probability of malfunctions due to insulation faults/ground in! Sign for window My first Post-9/11 GI Bill to the captors to your! Distress and alerting system for use what action is the ground guide signaling? a control circuit.With clear signaling short... The unique threat of being frequently missed, especially at night your left hand to the if. Or away from the unit ground in order to indicate direction ) then the breacher sign signify. Amp ; Brain, dismount and assault, Its best to retract your extend! Vehicles need ground guiding vehicles aim the weapon at them! ) single signal flag, mount the... Means, as well as how to make a fist and let your arm from left to right simply. No employer shall permit earthmoving or compacting equipment each Light signal for aircraft on the what action is the ground guide signaling?! Of INFORMATION ACT|INFORMATION QUALITY, an official website of the pancreas in response to viral pathogens is...
What Key Is Gbm In Autotune, Wentland Funeral Home Obituaries, Articles W